allergy patch test list of allergens 80

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19-03-2025

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The Comprehensive Guide to 80+ Common Allergens in Patch Testing

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an immune response triggered by contact with a specific allergen. A patch test is the gold standard for diagnosing ACD, involving placing small amounts of potential allergens onto the skin and observing for a reaction. This article provides a comprehensive list of over 80 common allergens frequently included in patch test series, categorized for clarity and understanding. It's crucial to remember that this list is not exhaustive, and individual test panels may vary based on patient history, geographic location, and physician discretion. Always consult with a dermatologist or allergist for diagnosis and treatment. This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice.

I. Metals and Metal Compounds:

1. Nickel Sulfate: A very common allergen found in jewelry, clothing fasteners, and many other everyday items.
2. Cobalt Chloride: Found in certain alloys, paints, and ceramics.
3. Chromium Sulfate: Present in leather, cement, and certain metal alloys.
4. Potassium Dichromate: A strong oxidizing agent used in various industrial applications.
5. Gold Sodium Thiosulfate: Used in gold jewelry and dental work.
6. Mercury Chloride: Found in some older products and amalgam dental fillings.
7. Palladium Chloride: Used in jewelry and electronics.
8. Platinum Chloride: Used in jewelry and some medical devices.
9. Copper Sulfate: Found in certain coins, plumbing, and pesticides.

II. Preservatives and Additives:

10. Formaldehyde: Widely used as a preservative in many products, including cosmetics and textiles.
11. Quaternium-15: A preservative found in many cosmetic and personal care products.
12. Methylisothiazolinone (MIT): A powerful preservative often used in paints, cosmetics, and industrial products.
13. Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCIT): Often used in conjunction with MIT.
14. Imidazolidinyl Urea: A preservative found in many cosmetics and personal care products.
15. Diazolidinyl Urea: Similar to imidazolidinyl urea, acting as a preservative.
16. Parabens (Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben): Commonly used preservatives in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
17. BHA (Butylated Hydroxyanisole): An antioxidant and preservative found in foods and cosmetics.
18. BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene): Similar to BHA, used as an antioxidant and preservative.

III. Fragrance and Cosmetic Ingredients:

19. Fragrance Mix I-IV: A combination of various fragrance compounds, often a source of allergic reactions. Individual fragrances are often tested as well.
20. Cinnamic Aldehyde: Found in cinnamon oil and some perfumes.
21. Eugenol: Found in clove oil and some spices.
22. Linalool: Found in many essential oils and perfumes.
23. Limonene: Found in citrus fruits and perfumes.
24. Citral: Found in lemongrass oil and perfumes.
25. Geraniol: Found in geranium oil and perfumes.
26. Hydroxycitronellal: Used in many perfumes and cosmetics.
27. Musk Ambrette: A synthetic musk fragrance.
28. Musk Xylene: A synthetic musk fragrance.
29. Oakmoss Extract: Used in perfumes.

IV. Plants and Natural Products:

30. Poison Ivy/Oak/Sumac: A group of plants causing strong allergic contact dermatitis.
31. Primula: Primrose plants can cause allergic reactions.
32. Chrysanthemum: Some chrysanthemum species can be allergenic.
33. Rubber (Latex): A common allergen for healthcare workers and others exposed to latex products.
34. Thimerosal: A preservative used in some vaccines.
35. Balsam of Peru: Used in perfumes and cosmetics.
36. Myroxylon Pereirae Resin: Component of Balsam of Peru.
37. Cashew Nut: A common food allergen that can also cause contact dermatitis.
38. Mango: Can cause contact dermatitis in some individuals.

V. Dyes and Pigments:

39. Disperse Dyes: Used in textiles and other products.
40. Acid Dyes: Used in textiles and other products.
41. Basic Dyes: Used in textiles and other products.
42. P-Phenylenediamine (PPD): Found in hair dyes.
43. Toluene-2,4-Diamine: Found in hair dyes.
44. Amino Black 1: A hair dye component.
45. Para-Aminophenol: Found in some hair dyes.

VI. Other Common Allergens:

46. Neomycin: An antibiotic commonly used in topical ointments.
47. Bacitracin: Another antibiotic used in topical ointments.
48. Boric Acid: A mild antiseptic.
49. Benzoyl Peroxide: Used in acne treatments.
50. Salicylic Acid: Used in acne treatments and wart removal.
51. Lanolin: A wool fat used in cosmetics and other products.
52. Carba Mix: A mixture of carbamate pesticides.
53. Epoxy Resin: Used in many industrial applications.
54. Colophony: Also known as rosin, used in adhesives and varnishes.
55. Acrylic Acid: Found in various plastics and adhesives.
56. Formaldehyde Resins: Used in many products containing formaldehyde.
57. Isopropyl Alcohol: A common solvent.
58. Ethyl Alcohol: A common solvent.
59. Benzalkonium Chloride: A preservative and disinfectant.
60. Cetylpyridinium Chloride: An antiseptic.
61. Propylene Glycol: A humectant and solvent.
62. Butyl Glycol: A solvent.
63. Propyl Glycol: A solvent and humectant.
64. Cocamidopropyl Betaine: A surfactant used in shampoos and cleansers.
65. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: A surfactant used in many cleaning products.
66. Sodium Laureth Sulfate: A milder surfactant than SLS.

VII. Additives in Rubber and Plastics:

67. Thiurams (Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide, Tetramethylthiuram Monosulfide): Vulcanization accelerators in rubber.
68. Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT): A vulcanization accelerator in rubber.
69. Dithiocarbamates (Ziram, Thiram, Maneb): Vulcanization accelerators in rubber and fungicides.
70. Benzothiazyl Disulfide: Accelerator in rubber.
71. Accelerator 55: A rubber accelerator.

VIII. Sunscreen Ingredients:

72. P-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA): An older sunscreen ingredient.
73. Oxybenzone: A common sunscreen ingredient.
74. Octinoxate: A common sunscreen ingredient.
75. Avobenzone: A common sunscreen ingredient.
76. Octyl Methoxycinnamate: A common sunscreen ingredient.
77. Homosalate: A common sunscreen ingredient.

IX. Other Industrial Chemicals:

78. Isocyanates: Found in polyurethane foams and paints.
79. Epoxides: Used in many industrial applications.
80. Glutaraldehyde: A disinfectant.
81. Acrylates: Found in paints, coatings, and adhesives.

This list encompasses many commonly tested allergens. The specific allergens included in a patch test will depend on the patient's individual history and clinical presentation. Remember that a positive reaction to a patch test does not always mean a clinically significant allergy. A dermatologist or allergist will interpret the results and provide personalized advice on avoiding contact with allergens and managing ACD. This information is for general knowledge and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of allergic contact dermatitis.